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Feministyle Objavljeno 09.05.2013. Barbara Gregov COSMOPOLITIKA: Kulturalni studiji, feminizam i ženski časopisi U knjižnici Bogdana Ogrizovića u četvrtak, 9. svibnja, predstavljena je knjiga Maše Grdešić COSMOPOLITIKA: Kulturalni studiji, feminizam i ženski časopisi, nastala kao rezultat autoričina desetogodišnjeg bavljenja feminističkim kulturalnim studijima i... U knjižnici Bogdana Ogrizovića u četvrtak, 9. svibnja, predstavljena je knjiga Maše Grdešić COSMOPOLITIKA: Kulturalni studiji, feminizam i ženski časopisi , nastala kao rezultat autoričina desetogodišnjeg bavljenja feminističkim kulturalnim studijima i popularnom kulturom.COSMOPOLITIKA je, s jedne strane, uvod u teorijsko područje feminističkih kulturalnih studija, a s druge nudi čitanje konkretnog proizvoda popularne kulture namijenjenog ženama – hrvatskog izdanja časopisa Cosmopolitan .
Knjigu su predstavili Dean Duda , Lana Pukanić i sama autorica. Dean Duda na samom je početku predstavljanja istaknuo važnost koju ovakav tip knjige ima unutar domaćih proučavanja feminističkih kulturalnih studija, naglasivši kako se dosada ovim tipom problematike nije suvislo bavilo. S obzirom na činjenicu da je knjiga nastajala od 2001. godine, autorica je pratila promjene u strukturi i temama samih ženskih časopisa, kao i ekonomske, političke i ideološke faktore koji su na iste te promjene i utjecali. Upravo zato možemo reći da osim feminističkog i kulturalno-studijskog, COSMOPOLITIKA ima i izvjestan historiografski značaj, naglasio je Duda.
Lana Pukanić istaknula je neke od temeljnih problema s kojima se feministički kulturalni studiji redovito susreću. Uvijek postoji tendencija da se ovakav tip proučavanja vidi kao propagiranje ženske popularne kulture, slavljenje proizvoda popularne kulture na način da im se upisuje subverzivnost čak i onda kada ona izostaje. Naglasila je i važnost odgovorne kulturne i društvene kritike koja bi izmakla spomenutim predrasudama. Budući da su patrijarhat i kapitalizam upisani u popularnu kulturu, rodne i potrošačke uloge stopljene su jedna s drugom, što feminističkom proučavanju predstavlja dodatni izazov u proučavanju.
Kao primjer, Pukanić je navela nedavnu reklamu za Dove, koja je uglavnom izazvala pozitivne medijske reakcije. Ipak, treba je promotriti unutar marketinškog konteksta koji i u ovom slučaju prodaje ljepotu, bez obzira što je pakira na drugačiji način. Pukanić problem vidi u tome što se žene u reklami uspoređuju s uvriježenim konceptom ljepote, normativno propisanim lijepim, iako je istaknula da je ovo svakako korak naprijed u odnosu na dosadašnju marketinšku praksu.
Maša Grdešić upozorila je na poziciju suvremene feminističke teoretičarke popularne kulture čiji je autoritet često napadan zbog pretpostavke da ona želi transformirati, a ne jednostavno analizirati popularnu kulturu, odnosno da obožavateljicama ženske popularne kulture pristupa podozrivo te ih smatra inferiornima.
Grdešić je naglasila kako bi pozicija feminističke teoretičarke popularne kulture trebala biti negdje između – ona bi s poštovanjem trebala pristupiti predmetu kojeg proučava, no istodobno priznati vlastiti privilegirani položaj. Istaknula je da unatoč krizi tiskanih medija danas postoje alternativni ženski časopisi poput Bitch Magazinea ili Busta , a Internet je otvorio prostor za pojavu čitavog niza web magazina koji se bave ženskom popularnom kulturom (npr. Rookie ) i koji otvaraju nove perspektive za feministička i kulturalno-studijska istraživanja.
Feministički kulturalni studiji u prvom su redu proizašli iz djelovanja Ženske radne grupe Centra za suvremene kulturalne studije u Birminghamu, gdje su krajem 1970-ih istraživačice u središte rasprave smjestile problem roda postavljanjem i danas aktualnih teorijskih pitanja o vezi feminističkoga akademskog rada i aktivizma, roda i klase, privatnog i javnog te potrošnje i proizvodnje. Također su pokrenule istraživanja samih žanrova ženske popularne kulture (sapunica, melodrama, ljubavnih romana, ženskih časopisa itd.), s posebnih fokusom na njihovu stvarnu recepciju i upotrebu u svakodnevnim životima žena.
Feministički kulturalni studiji osobito su primjenjivi kada je riječ o analizi (ženske) popularne kulture u suvremenom hrvatskom kontekstu. Krajem 1990-ih dominantni tranzicijski identiteti tek su se počeli snažnije vezivati uz potrošnju te je Cosmopolitan u domaći kontekst ušao u pravom trenutku da hrvatske čitateljice poduči potrošnji . Proces prijelaza iz socijalizma u kapitalizam nije bio ni približno dovršen, pa su proturječja u prvim godinama izlaženja hrvatskog Cosmopolitana bila uočljivija od proturječja inače uobičajenih za ženske časopise.
Tako je uz kontradikcije između fantazije i stvarnosti te feminizma i tradicionalnije ženstvenosti osobito vidljiva kontradikcija između feminizma kao kolektivnoga društvenog pokreta utemeljenog na ideji o solidarnosti i tzv. aspiracijskog, liberalnog feminizma usredotočenog na individualni uspjeh žene na kapitalističkom tržištu.