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Feministyle Objavljeno 13.12.2016. Emina Hermann Silovanje postalo jeftina prečica za podizanje gledanosti u filmskoj industriji Svijet filmova i televizije iz godine u godinu pribjegava sve brutalnijim scenama kako bi šokirao svoje gledatelje i gledateljice. Nasilje je zbog toga doseglo novu razinu brutalnosti, kakva na pamet... Svijet filmova i televizije iz godine u godinu pribjegava sve brutalnijim scenama kako bi šokirao svoje gledatelje i gledateljice. Nasilje je zbog toga doseglo novu razinu brutalnosti, kakva na pamet ne bi pala ni prosječnom/oj serijskom/oj ubojici. Serije poput Dexter a, Hannibal a, Game of Thrones a, Boardwalk Empire a i The Walking Dead a već godinama napreduju na ljestvici psihičkog i fizičkog nasilja, pa ako vam se čini da više i ne postoji krvava scena koju niste vidjeli, kreatori/ce serija i filmova uvijek se dosjete novog oblika nasilja kojemu mogu pribjeći. Nasilje prema ženama tu ima posebnu ulogu, jer čini se da tvorci ženskih likova prilikom kreiranja njihovih pozadinskih priča uporno ne uspijevaju naći ‘bolje’ traume od silovanja. Takve scene u kinematografiji nisu nikakva novost, zbog čega pomalo razočarava činjenica da nerijetko samo preslikavaju jedna drugu.
Jer, osim što je sam čin prilično predvidljiv, način na koji ga scenaristi/ce ubacuju u priču u većini slučajeva služi isključivo kako bi opisao nezahvalnu ulogu partnera žena koje se nalaze u takvim scenama. Scene silovanja su tako postale prekretnice u narativima muških likova, a vrlo rijetko zaista prikazuju taj čin iz pozicije žene. Jer kada je žena silovana, najčešće je riječ o supruzi, djevojci, sestri ili majci protagonista koji je duboko istraumatiziran tim događajem.
“To je postala prečica za kreiranje pozadinske priče ili podizanje dramatičnosti.” kazala je za Jezebel jedna iskusna filmska spisateljica koja je željela ostati anonimna. “Svi znaju da je silovanje grozna i užasna povreda, zbog čega je vrlo jednostavno ostaviti publiku u šoku.”
Najpoznatiji takav primjer je scena iz Game of Thrones a, u kojoj je silovanje Sanse prikazano iz perspektive Theona Greyjoya , čiji krupni kadar uplakanog lica prekriva većinu scene kako bi gledateljima/cama dao do znanja kakva unutarnja borba se u tom trenutku događa u Theonu.
Nakon što su jednu iskusnu filmsku spisateljicu upitali bi li bi radije tu scenu pogledala iz Sansine perspektive, kazala je: “Da, zapravo bih. Ako ćete već prikazivati scenu silovanja, onda je prikažite iz perspektive žene i nemojte ju koristiti kako motivaciju za razvoj muških likova.”
Televizijska kritičarka Maureen Ryan intervjuirala je za Variety nekoliko kreatora/ica popularnih serija i čini se kako nije samo gledateljima/cama dosadilo opetovano gledati iste scene silovanja. Filmski pisac i voditelj Foxove preinake Exorcist a, Jeremy Slater , kazao je kako je prilikom pregledavanja pristiglih scenarija svako malo nalazio na identične scene.
“Jedno od pravila koje mi je olakšalo prolaženje kroz scenarije bilo je da istog trenutka kada uočim da se u tekstu pojavljuje scena silovanja koja je trebala šokirati publiku, a nije imala apsolutno nikakve naracijske svrhe, odbacim scenarij. I bio sam šokiran brojem scenarija koji su odgovarali tom opisu.” kazao je Slater. “Rekao bih da je od tih dvjestotinjak scenarija njih barem 30 ili 40 započelo sa scenom silovanja ili je u nekom dijelu imalo prilično divlju scenu silovanja. To je postala kuga ove industrije.”
Zanimljivo je kako se ovaj razgovor počeo voditi paralelno sa šakontnim otkrićima seksualnih skandala o kojima se u filmskoj industriji godinama šutjelo. Nedavno smo pisale o sceni silovanja u ‘Posljednjem tangu u Parizu’ za koju je Bertolucci tek 41 godinu kasnije priznao da nije bila konsenzualna, a glumica Tippi Hedren tek je nedavno u javnosti progovorila o seksualnom uznemiravanju koje je od Hitchcocka doživjela na setu ‘Ptica’.
Upravo zbog ignorancije i nepovjerenja koje je žene dočekivalo i još uvijek ih dočekuje kada progovore o ovakvim iskustvima, vrijeme je da muškarci u filmskoj industriji prestanu silovanje koristiti kako bi podigli gledanost i vidljivost serija i filmova. Ako već planiraju prikazivati takve scene, najmanje što mogu učiniti je u njih konačno početi uključivati i žensku perspektivu.
‘Orange is the New Black’ jedna je od rijetkih serija koja je scenu silovanja razradila kvalitetno, prikazavši cijelokupan psihološki proces žene koja je proživjela silovanje
Ipak, vrijedi spomenuti da postoje i filmski pisci koji silovanje ne smatraju jeftinim i dovitljivim načinom podizanja gledanosti. Jedan od njih je i autor serije Hannibal , Bryan Fuller , koji je prilikom rada na seriji inzistirao na tome da se u scenama ne prikazuje eksplicitan oblik seksualnog nasilja.
“Osobno vjerujem da to na priči ostavlja mrlju koja nam onemogućava da slavimo različite aspekte seksualnosti.” rekao je Fuller. “Amerika kao zemlja ima prilično sjeban stav prema seksu i seksualnosti, zbog čega postoji nešto duboko problematično u tome da likove kažnjavamo zbog njihovog spola i seksualnosti.”
Fuller je dodao da mu kao gay muškarcu svijest o seksualnim napadima koje ljudi svakodnevno doživljavaju ne dopušta mogućnost da takva iskustva istražuje na televiziji. Kako kaže, “Jako mi je teško da to procijenim kao zabavan sadržaj.”
U svijetu u kojemu će svaka peta žena tijekom svog života doživjeti neki oblik seksualnog nasilja, silovanje nikako ne smije biti normalizirano niti banalizirano kao jeftin oblik prikupljanja publike u filmskoj industriji.